A Brief Guide To Acoustical Terms and References

Glossary of Acoustic Terms

A brief guide to a number of the more common terms used in sound and noise measurement. A more in depth explanation for numerous terms is covered within the FAQ.

Decibels	dB	Ten times the logarithm (to base 10) of the ratio of two mean square values of sound pressure.
Frequency	Hz	The number of cyclical variations per unit time
Octave Bands	Hz	Frequency ranges in which the upper limit of each band is twice the lower limit. Octave bands are identified by their geometric mean frequency or centre frequency.
Sound Power	W	The acoustic power of a sound source expressed in Watts.
Sound Power Level	Lw	The acoustic power radiated from a given sound source as related to a reference power level.
Sound Pressure	P	Fluctuations in air pressure caused by the presence of sound waves.
Sound Pressure Level	Lp	The ratio expressed in dB of mean-square sound pressure to a reference mean-square pressure which, by convention, has been selected to be equal to the assumed threshold of hearing (20ľ Pa).
Spectrum		A term that refers to the frequency response.
Weighting Network	dB(A)	An electronic filter in a sound level meter which approximates, under defused conditions, the frequency response of the human ear. The 'A' weighting network is the one most commonly used.
Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level	Leq	The equivalent continuous level which is a measure of the energy content of a sound over a time period. It gives a single figure expressing the equivalent of a varying level. It is an every average.
Dose	D	Noise dose is a percentage number. Depending on a criterion level and exchange rate (eg 90dB and 3 - 100% Dose = 90dB for 8 hours).
Dose per Hour	DOHR	Designed to show the Dose exposure over each hour.
Projected Dose	Proj D	Projected dose allows the present accumulated dose, over the present logged time duration, to be projected forward to give the predicted 8 hour period.
Noise Exposure	Lex	Personal noise exposure (also known as Lepd), usually referred to a daily 8 hour rate.
Percentile	Ln	The dB level exceeded for n% of the time.